21 юни 2025
Cherkezova-Zheleva Zara, Paneva Daniela, Fironda Sabina Andreea, Piroeva Iskra, Burada Marian, Sabeva Maria, Vasileva Anna, Ivanov Kaloyan, Ranguelov Bogdan, Piticescu Radu Robert.
(
Анна Василева;
Даниела Панева;
Зара Черкезова-Желева;
Калоян Иванов;
Мария Събева;
)
Abstract
Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets are vital for numerous key technologies in strategic sectors such as renewable energy production, e-mobility, defense, and aerospace. Accordingly, the demand for rare earth elements (REEs) enormously increases in parallel to a significant uncertainty in their supply. Thus, research and innovative studies are focus on the investigation of sustainable solutions to the problem and a closed-loop value chain. The present study is based on two benign-by-design approaches aimed at decreasing the recycling loop span by preparing standardized batches of EoL Nd–Fe–B materials to be treated separately depending on their properties, as well as using mechanochemical method for waste processing. The previously reported benefits of both direct recycling and mechanochemistry include significant improvements in processing metrics, such as energy use, ecological impact, technology simplification, and cost reduction. Waste-sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets from motorbikes were collected, precisely sorted, selected, and pre-treated. The study presents a protocol of resource-efficient recycling through mechanochemical processing of non-oxidized sintered EoL magnets, involving the extraction of Nd2Fe14B magnetic grains and refining the material’s microstructure and particle size after 120 min of high-energy ball milling in a zirconia reactor. The recycled material preserves the main Nd2Fe14B magnetic phase, while an anisotropic particle shape and formation of a thin Nd/REE-rich layer on the grain surface were achieved.
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 18, 2946, Materials, 2025, ISSN:19961944, DOI:10.3390/ma18132946, JCR-IF (Web of Science):0.614 Q2 (Scopus)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/13/2946
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